كيف حول المسلمون سرًا عسكريًا صينيًا لثورة مذهلة غيرت العالم؟
أودو نظام متكامل لإدارة الأعمال، فيه أكتر من 45 تطبيق بيغطوا ويخدموا كل احتياجاتك..
لو عايز تدير شغلك بشكل أسهل وأذكى.. جرب أودو دلوقتي بدون تسجيل من الرابط
https://www.odoo.com/r/XJCr
#Odoo #OdooMENA #OdooCreatorsClub
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العالم قبل الورق كان حاجة يا جماعة، وبعده حاجة تانية خالص..عمل ثورات علمية وعالمية، وبنى إمبراطوريات..
عمل في القرن الثامن الميلادي نفس اللي عمله الإنترنت في القرن العشرين بالظبط.. كان هو السلاح السري للبشرية..
القصة دي، بطلها مش مُخترع الورق، ولكن بطلها اللي حول الاختراع من سر عسكري صيني، لثورة عالمية غيرت وجه الدنيا..
مين بقى اللي عمل الثورة دي؟
مين اللي أخد من أقصى شرق آسيا تكنولوجيا سرية محتكرة وحولها لصناعة عالمية غيرت مسار البشرية؟
الإجابة المدهشة: المسلمين..
للرعاية ودعم القناة
ashrafibrahim55@gmail.com
المخبر_الاقتصادي#
المصادر:
كتاب Paper Before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World
Paper before Print: The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic World (review )
https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/40145/summary
The Beginning of the Paper Industry
The Rise of an Industry: Papermaking
https://www.1001inventions.com/paper/
How a Silk Road Conflict Made Paper Global
https://prateekdg.substack.com/p/papers-epic-journey-across-the-silk
The Battle of Talas
Trade and Commerce During the Islamic Golden Age
How Islamic Civilization Quietly Influenced Europe’s Economic Foundations
https://medium.com/@kholilelrahman748/how-islamic-civilization-quietly-influenced-europes-economic-foundations-part-1-history-cac72d74fa58
Continental Bureaucratic Empire: The Culture Of Power And Governance Under the Abbasids https://www.thefridaytimes.com/08-Jan-2023/continental-bureaucratic-empire-the-culture-of-power-and-governance-under-the-abbasids
Transaction Costs Theory – an overview
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/transaction-costs-theory
Definition, Types, and Transaction Cost Economics
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/economics/transaction-costs/
Samarkand paper
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand_paper
The Battle That Brought Paper to Islam — How Samarkand Changed History
https://medium.com/islamic-reunion-of-thoughts-irot/the-battle-that-brought-paper-to-islam-how-samarkand-changed-history-2e4501f8ca49
The mills of Samarkand https://rhollick.wordpress.com/2024/03/04/the-mills-of-samarkand/
Samarkand Paper
https://bukharicreative.group/blog/samarkand-paper
Paper in Samarkand
https://engines.egr.uh.edu/episode/1456
Industries and crafts in Baghdad during the second Abbasid era https://medcraveonline.com/JHAAS/industries-and-crafts-in-baghdad-during-the-second-abbasid-era-232-861-ad–334-ah-946-ad.html
Islam: Empire of Faith – Innovative – Paper & Publishing
https://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/innopaper.html
Did You Know? The Importance of Paper Making Technology & Cultural Exchange Along Silk Roads
https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/did-you-know-importance-paper-making-technology-cultural-exchange-along-silk-roads
The Transformative Influence of Paper in Islam and Its Impact on European Renaissance
https://medium.com/@howtomuslimnow/the-transformative-influence-of-paper-in-islam-and-its-impact-on-european-renaissance-d040ad6174ff
Revolution by the Ream: A History of Paper
https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/199903/revolution.by.the.ream-a.history.of.paper.htm
Maya Shatzmiller — “The Adoption of Paper in the Middle East, 700–1300 AD”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26572311
Maya Shatzmiller — “An Early Knowledge Economy: The Adoption of Paper, Human Capital and Economic Change in the Medieval Islamic Middle East, 700–1300 AD”
https://ideas.repec.org/p/ucg/wpaper/0064.html
Şevket Pamuk & Maya Shatzmiller — “Plagues, Wages, and Economic Change in the Islamic Middle East, 700–1500”
https://www.jstor.org/stable/24550555
Douglass C. North — Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/institutions-institutional-change-and-economic-performance/AAE1E27DF8996E24C5DD07EB79BBA7EE
Douglass C. North — “Institutions, Transaction Costs and Economic Growth”
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1465-7295.1987.tb00750.x
Hyunhee Park — Mapping the Chinese and Islamic Worlds: Cross-Cultural Exchange in Pre-Modern Asia.
https://www.culturaldiplomacy.org/academy/pdf/research/books/cultural_exchange/Mapping_the_Chinese_and_Islamic_Worlds_-_Cross-Cultural_Exchange_in_Pre-Modern_Asia.pdf
كتاب “الفهرست” لابن النديم
كتاب “لطائف المعارف” لأبي منصور الثعالبي
